Green Magnets for a Circular Future

MOTIVATION

Permanent magnets are essential for the green transition, powering technologies in wind energy and electric mobility. However, their dependence on rare earth elements (REEs)—which are scarce, expensive, and environmentally harmful—poses a major sustainability challenge. With nearly no current recycling of PMs and growing global demand, there is an urgent need for alternative solutions. The GENIUS project is motivated by this challenge: to develop high-performance, REE-free or REE-lean magnets entirely from recycled materials, enabling a circular economy, reducing Europe's reliance on critical raw materials, and contributing to climate and sustainability goals.

GENIUS AIM

The GENIUS project’s ambition is to develop recycled REE-free/REE-lean PMs by additive manufacturing coupled with novel consolidation techniques to reduce Europe’s dependency on REEs and enable the circular economy of materials and value.

  • The project has ambitious Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):
    • A recyclability rate of ferrite injection moulded scrap > 80% of the magnetic phase, demonstrating the possibility of functional recycling of magnetic scrap to PMs with properties competitive to PMs prepared from virgin powders (BR ≥0.5 T, BHmax ≥ 50 kJ/m3). We start at TRL3, and are targeting TRL5.
    • A novel design of electric motor based on complex shaped/multicomponent GENIUS PMs only possible to manufacture using the AM technique. The expected time for the motor to reach the market is by 2034. TRL1 -> TRL3.
    • Replacement of REE PMs by GENIUS REE-free/lean PMs within an EV motor with minimal impact on performance, but a greatly reduced ecological footprint (50 % reduction in g of CO2 Eg/km for magnet production and 15 % reduction in g of CO2 Eg/km for the total (magnet, motor, use phase) climate change impact). TRL3 -> TRL5.

OBJECTIVES

Objective 1: Energy efficient design and production of REE-free or REE-lean powders and magnets from injection moulded scrap implementing manufacturing processes based on AM and novel consolidation techniques. 

Objective 2: Reuse of injection moulded magnet scrap to ensure sustainability and foster the European circular economy. 

Objective 3: Novel design of e-motor incorporating REE-free and/or REE-lean PMs.

Objective 4: Ensure high project impacts. 

METHODOLOGY
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Contact person: Petra Jenuš Belec, project leader 

Jožef Stefan Institute 

Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI), Slovenia, is the leading Slovenian scientific research institute, covering a broad spectrum of basic and applied research. 

The Department for Nanostructured Materials combines various fields, from materials processing to thorough characterisation. Regarding magnetic characterisation, the department is equipped with a high-temperature vibrating-sample magnetometer and a unique 400 °C permeameter, ideal for the project’s aims. Furthermore, the department has facilities for small-to-medium scale production of magnetic powders based on conventional ball milling, high-energy milling and hydrothermal synthesis, equipment for preparation of AM feedstock and several AM machines, and SPS, RAS and conventional sintering infrastructure.

Contact person: Adrian Quesada,

WP3 Leader  

Spanish National Research Council

Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut for Ceramic and Glass, ICV, Spain: The Ceramic for Smart System Group of ICV possesses large experience in processing of functional ceramics.

The group, through Dr. Adrian Quesada, already has experience in the coordination of European projects with successful exploitation of its results. ICV has experience in the synthesis, processing and characterization of ferrite-based materials. In addition, our expertise in ceramic processing will contribute to the tasks of homogenizing, conditioning, compacting and densifying the magnetic materials. We are also proficient in the advanced characterization of magnetic materials. During the previous AMPHIBIAN project, we gathered significant expertise in successfully implementing exploitation, dissemination and communication activities.

Contact person: Blaž Belec

WP2 Leader  

University Of Nova Gorica 

Material Research Laboratory is a research unit with state-of-the-art equipment and diverse expertise of the team members ranging from synthetic and crystal chemistry, functional materials, surface science, theoretical and computational chemistry and other. Their unique combination of state-of-the-art equipment (e.g. SEM equipped with Kammrath & Weiss heating stage) and expertise in electron microscopy characterisation make MRL an indispensable partner in this project.

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